Internation Disputes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Internation Disputes - Essay Example This exposition will incorporate expound subtleties of the point alongside a conversation on settlement and the job of intervention for settling questions. A basic examination of the centrality of the whole procedure upheld by organized models will likewise be talked about. The appropriateness of the idea happens on the people, state level and territorial and global level for settling clashes. At the end of the day, the idea is relevant in settling the contentions among the people, autonomously among the states or districts of a nation or among various nations working on the substance of the earth. This idea is utilized by the controllers under the light of laws and enactment with the goal that the issues can be settled and an accord can be shaped between the abused gatherings. Under this idea, a few models can be discovered which shows different harmony settlements which have occurred between the countries. Instances of such settlements are Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Iran, Pakistan , Argentina, Chile and so forth. Almost the sum total of what nations have been under settlements for settling the issues and discovering techniques for settling issues which emerge inside. There are two strategies utilizing which the contentions are settled. One is the immediate technique and other is the aberrant strategy. The two strategies are applied subsequent to comprehension and breaking down the complexities of the circumstances. Various techniques have been proposed for settling the contentions alongside various settlement methods3. Various strategies will be examined and dissected according to the changing and shifting circumstances as they emerge. Characterizing INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES The idea of worldwide debates features the way that the issues which emerge between the countries must be settled. This will guarantee progress and dependability in the whole condition and sticky situation the countries in agreeing to the set standards4. â€Å"International questions can b e characterized as a contradiction which emerges between the states and effects on the relations kept up between the states.5† The contemporary worldwide law denies the countries from the utilization of power or dangers and effects on the connection between the states. There are associations which guarantee that the contentions and the debates among the countries are settled in a quiet manner6. This can be chosen the premise of accords created between the states. The rule of the state is overseen, and goals are proposed utilizing the UN sanctions, Pact of the Arab League, the Charter of the Organization of African Unity and the announcements proposed on the Principles of International Laws which are concerned legitimately with the well disposed relations among the states. Every one of these recommendations are made in the light of the UN sanction. Understanding this reality it very well may be presumed that United Nations assumes an essentially conspicuous job in settling clas hes. The worldwide law doesn't give exact techniques to goals of debates. This is on the grounds that the arrangement which is furnished will shift with the up and coming issues. The recommendations for settling the contentions in the UN sanction recommend exchange, request, intercession, mollification, intervention, legal settlement and arrangement a situation for proposing the issues which emerge. The serene strategies for settling the universal debates incorporate different techniques incorporate examination and dispatching of the variables which have prompted this issue. Direct arrangement techniques

The American Community and Family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The American Community and Family - Essay Example He was caring to his colleagues, that there were no pooch that would bark at him. Yet, in his own home with his family he is extraordinary, he doesn't perform goodness, he will simply accompany his canine and his rifle. His significant other used to bother at him due to his apathy and flippancy in his own family. His better half is consistently furious to him since he is no helpful in the family. Since Rip Van Winkle will preferably enable others to fix their wall over taking a shot at his homestead. Lamentably, opportunity arrived that he couldn't takeaway any longer the expressions of his better half so he went to the mountain where he and his pooch used to go to. Be that as it may, an abnormal diminutive person came out and carried him to its reality and makes him rest for right around 20 years back. At the point when he returned to his town, individuals likewise don't have any acquaintance with him. In any case, as his little girl moved toward the group at that point realized that he was the Rip Van Winkle who was lost more than 20 years back. Yet at the same time the network came to acknowledge him. Here we see that the individuals in the network have the job of perceiving a n individual because of its great execution. Be that as it may, if an individual came to be as an outsider, obviously it won't give him certain reactions, as long as he came to be known for long with them. In the narrative of Maxim Hong Kingston, the No Name Woman the character was tie to the Chinese world. In which she will in general find his temperament and herself's Chinese character. She examined the way of life of the Chinese. She is scanning for his Chinese part. Be that as it may, the story itself put it so wonderfully, The townspeople rebuffed her for going about as though she could have a private life, mystery and separated from them. (p. 396) The two-story shows the connection of each character to its locale. In which, they have attempted to be in it and to be out of it. They needed to investigate something for they which are out of the network's administer. The two stories is extraordinary. The people group according to Rip they were caring to him and they treat him well. While in the No Name Woman, everything is unique. Her life is troublesome. The general public doesn't allow her to have her own life. They are against her. Indeed, even her family members. Also, in this part Rip and the lady is the equivalent. With regards to the family, they are the restricted, yet the thing that matters is that Rip is contradicted by the family due to his own deficiency, being vulnerable to his own family, while no name is simply ready to find his own life in the Chinese world, yet the family included the torment that she is encountering. Here we consider the to be between a person as a piece of its general public, the belongingness they will pick up and the hardness they are encountering. List of sources American Short Stories *a document Compilation, Torio,P. MSEUF, Lucena City,Philippines;2005 Basic Analysis of No Name Woman, 21 September,

The Contractual Model Essay Research Paper The free essay sample

The Contractual Model Essay, Research Paper The legally binding hypothetical record is the hypothetical record in an expert customer relationship that shows the most trust inside any of the expert customer connections. For this hypothetical record to work at that spot must be a major aggregate of trust inside the two gatherings since the picks are made mutually by every one of them. There are numerous features wherein this is the hypothetical record that is the most engaging for viewpoint customers. Other than the trust factor there are numerous different grounds that it is so speaking to them, for example, the capacity to have confidence in one another bounty to discuss points that are of a progressively close to home nature, which may non needfully hold to make with the subject that began the expert customer relationship. The legally binding hypothetical record encourages the customer to hold some sense of pride each piece great. While they can pound this relationship with whomever, and whatever field the expert is in they can keep up some sense of pride since inside this field the customer is engaged with the assurance conceiving. We will compose a custom article test on The Contractual Model Essay Research Paper The or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This is non only an easygoing capacity to do judgments, the customer genuinely has a state in the contriving of the conclusions, in the other hypothetical records there might be some assurance doing originating from the two sides of the relationship yet there is non the inclination that is going on between the different sides as there is going on during the legally binding hypothetical record. It is only inside the legally binding hypothetical record that the sharing of obligation and moral approval, despite the fact that this is obvious inside this hypothetical record it is non in all the others, this is one of the outcom Es of the relationship that is produced. The legally binding hypothetical record is most apparent when taking a gander at the field of clinical claim to fame. It is a lot simpler to hold the two sides go to a comprehension on the picks at manus than it would to make this inside a field with out the same number of picks. It might look odd that the field with an evidently endless figure of pills, doctors and opinions would be the least demanding to go to a comprehension inside the relationship, yet one needs to take a gander at it from an alternate point of view. With a field without numerous picks at that spot may unnecessarily huge a spread between the thoughts, requests and viewpoints that are needed between the different sides of the expert customer relationship. In the field of medicne it is a lot simpler to go to a comprimise since there are such huge numbers of picks that can be taken a gander at. Despite the fact that there might be a major difference inside the relationship with the entirety of the picks if the field it would be a lot simpler to run into somewhere in the middle and go to a comprimise that the two sides of the relationship can be content with. There are numerous grounds why the legally binding hypothetical record is the most engaging point of view customers. However every one of them falls back to the trust factor. On the off chance that one is non ready to swear its expert so it would do cut off occupations inside the full proficient field. With the trust calculate set completely there are numerous different aspects that gain believability inside the field from it. The authoritative hypothetical record depends on trust and other individual features inside the relationship that has been produced between the customer and the expert.

Jean Watsons Theory of Caring free essay sample

At long last, individual reflections from the mindful second will be incorporated. The reflections will feature the things gained from the association by the medical attendant and how the caring is seen by the patient or relatives included. Foundation and Major Concepts of Watson’s Theory Jean Watson’s hypothesis of human caring has been developing in the course of the most recent 30 years into what it is today. The significant segments of Watson’s hypothesis are the carative elements, the transpersonal caring relationship, and the mindful event/caring second (Cara, 2003). As indicated by Alligood (2010), Watson wanted to carry significance and center to the developing control of nursing as an unmistakable wellbeing calling with extraordinary qualities, information, practices, morals, and mission. She imagined that mindful was fundamental to nursing and concentrated on approaches to show that mindful advances development and great wellbeing and can be utilized by all social insurance experts. Watson tried to locate a typical significance for the order of nursing that applied to all work settings (Sitzman, 2007). We will compose a custom paper test on Jean Watsons Theory of Caring or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Right off the bat in her work Jean Watson noted 10 carative components that can be recognized and fill in as a manual for working on nursing and these in the long run advanced into the 10 clinical caring caritas forms. The caring caritas forms are as per the following: 1) Practice of adoring consideration and serenity inside setting of caring cognizance. 2) Being truly present, and empowering and supporting the profound conviction framework and abstract life universe of self and the one-being-thought about. 3) Cultivation of one’s own otherworldly practices and transpersonal self, going eyond inner self, opening to others with affectability and empathy. 4) Developing and supporting a helping trusting, true caring relationship. 5) Being available to, and steady of, the declaration of positive and negative sentiments as an association with more profound soul of self and the one-being-thought about. 6) Creative utilization of self and all methods of knowing as a major aspect of t he mindful procedure; to take part in masterfulness of caring-recuperating rehearses. 7) Engaging in certifiable instructing learning experience that takes care of solidarity of being and significance, endeavoring to remain inside others’ edges of reference. ) Creating mending condition at all levels (physical just as non-physical), unpretentious condition of vitality and awareness, whereby completeness, magnificence, solace, pride, and harmony are potentiated. 9) Assisting with fundamental needs, with a deliberate caring awareness, overseeing â€Å"human care essentials,† which potentiate arrangement of mindbodyspirit, completeness, and solidarity of being in all parts of care; watching out for both the epitomized soul and advancing otherworldly rise. 0) Opening and taking care of profound baffling and existential components of one’s own life-passing; soul care for self and the one-being-thought about (Cara, 2003). Watson likewise centers around the transperson al caring relationship and the associations that exist in this relationship. In transpersonal caring the attendant intentionally centers around self and other inside relational trades right now, while going past the second and opening to additional opportunities and qualities the presence of the others inward and external viewpoints (Sitzman, 2007). It is critical to call attention to that the mindful event/caring second Watson depicts can happen in any setting wherein a patient and medicinal services proficient communicate. As per Rafael (2000), Watson focuses on the significance of the lived experience of the customer as well as of the medical attendant and these two meet up in a mindful second and that turns out to be a piece of the existence history of every individual. Watson’s work vigorously centers around the associations made among attendant and patient and she realized that a main consideration impacting these associations was their past encounters. Caring Moment and Major Theory Assumptions I will depict a mindful second that I was as of late associated with at work concerning the group of a patient who had recently terminated in the crisis office. This circumstance included a youngster who allegedly had been engaged with criminal behavior that prompted him continuing a shot injury preceding showing up in the crisis division and that injury prompted him kicking the bucket in the crisis office. This patient had a huge family and gathering of companions who were assembling in the entryway and outside of the clinic. They were naturally distressed concerning what had occurred and were turning out to be extremely on edge and restless with respect to having the option to see their cherished one. The mindful second started in the occasions that occurred in the crisis office while thinking about this patient and his family. Watson’s hypothesis of caring makes suppositions identified with individual, wellbeing, nursing, and the condition that can be ascribed to the medical caretaker understanding circumstance referenced previously. In this circumstance the individual/person’s being thought about are the relatives present in the crisis office to see their adored one who had shockingly recently lost his life. Watson’s perspective on nature secured the prompt setting as well as society. In this specific circumstance nature is viewed as the anteroom, injury sound, and directing room where the collaborations between the medical attendant and relatives were happening. The earth turned into where the family could be separated from everyone else with their adored one just as be distant from everyone else themselves to lament over their misfortune. As per Alligood (2010), Watson accepted that the medical caretaker can likewise turn into the earth in which a â€Å"sacred space† is made where purposeful recuperating and caring can happen. Watson’s perspective on wellbeing is worried about complete physical, mental, and social prosperity and working identified with those. Wellbeing in this circumstance isn't viewed as the nonattendance of sickness or great physical wellbeing, however managed the passionate and otherworldly parts of wellbeing as portrayed by Watson. Wellbeing can be re-imagined as the solidarity and agreement inside the body, brain, and soul and a concordance among self as well as other people and self and nature (Alligood, 2010). Nursing as indicated by Watson is worried about forestalling sickness and advancing and reestablishing wellbeing. In this circumstance I was giving purposeful consideration to this patient and his family and this is viewed as nursing in Watson’s hypothesis. Transpersonal Relationship and Carative Factors Utilized Several of Watson’s carative variables are used when thinking about the patient’s family referenced previously. As indicated by Watson a solitary caring second turns into a snapshot of probability and at that time a genuine open door for human caring can happen (Alligood, 2010). In the underlying experience with the family the fourth carative factor of building up a helping, trusting, human, caring relationship is used. This family was extremely disturbed and they expected to trust in me and comprehend that I was there to help and that I truly thought about them and their cherished one. I set up this by talking with them in a mindful manner and permitting them in a controlled way to see their relative. The fifth carative factor utilized is advancing and tolerating the statement of positive and negative emotions during the time the family was with their cherished one. They were clearly disturbed and were urged to communicate their sentiments both positive and negative. This included permitting the family to be irate and lament varying. The seventh carative factor advancing transpersonal instructing and learning is utilized with the family concerning the inquiries they had about the occasions that occurred after we got the patient in the crisis division. The means we took to endeavor to spare his life were disclosed to the family, and this helped them increase a superior comprehension of the circumstance. The tenth carative factor permitted existential, phenomenological, otherworldly viewpoints to be tended to. This family had strict feelings that should have been tended to and mentioned to implore with their cherished one and have his minister present. This was encouraged for the family with the goal that they could appropriately address their adored one’s otherworldly needs. At last the third carative factor concerns the development of affectability to one’s self and to other people. I didn't pass any suspicions or judgment onto this patient or his family in regards to the conditions engaged with his demise. I transferred to the family that I got their adored one was a one of a kind individual with characteristic worth and that I was there to give non-critical consideration to the patient and his family. Individual Reflection I learned numerous things about myself as an individual and as a medical attendant after the experience and caring minutes referenced previously. I discovered that I can impart my actual goals and reason as a medical caretaker who cares to a family that was at first disturbed and irate about their adored one dying. My mindful purpose was generally welcomed and comprehended by this family and they valued it without question. I discovered that I can give sympathetic and understanding consideration without permitting any presumptions or decisions about the ircumstances of the circumstance to cloud my motivation and obligation as a medical caretaker. I figured out how to use huge numbers of Watson’s carative factors in a genuine clinical circumstance and that these were extremely advantageous to my nursing care. The group of this patient was exceptionally grateful and voiced to me that my way to deal with the circumstance had permitted them to adapt to the pa ssing of their cherished one the most ideal way that could be available and that without my understanding and tolerating care it would have been significantly more hard for them. End Taking everything into account, Jean Watson’s hypothesis of human caring characterizes the mindful second or minutes that happen

Style on a Budget Get a Trendy Wardrobe Without a Payday Loan

Style on a Budget Get a Trendy Wardrobe Without a Payday Loan Style on a Budget: Get Trendy Clothes Without a Payday Loan Style on a Budget: Get Trendy Clothes Without a Payday LoanThey say you should dress for the job you want, but unless the job you’re looking for is “professional schlub” you won’t be able to get by with cheap sweatpants and t-shirts. It’s a bit of a chicken and egg situation, trying to afford the clothes you need for the job you want that will allow you to afford the clothes you need for… well, you get it.And if you have bad credit, there’s no reason to risk applying for a payday loan just to get a better wardrobe. No outfit is worth getting yourself trapped in a cycle of debt. Instead, use these tips from our experts to get the clothes you need on a budget that lets you feed (yourself).Advice from sales expertsYou don’t need us to tell you about retail sales… but we’re going to anyway! Sure, you know sales exist, but are you a sales expert? Because we talked to some sales experts and they have advice for you.PR executive Amanda Maxwell (@amkmaxwell) told us her a pproach: “I always try to wait for sales first of all. Depending on what store you are at, almost everything drops to sale after the first three initial weeks of the item being on the rack. I also wait for special promotion days when you can get extra percentages off. Another trick is signing up for an email for a specific store. Most companies offer a 15-30 percent off coupon when you sign up for their emails for the first time! So always look! Or have your friend sign up.”Rachel D’Ruan a stylist with TRUE Model Management (@TrueModelMgt), offered her own sales advice: “I always advise clients to purchase what they may need when theres a sale instead of waiting until they need it. My go-to is Chicmi.com because the platform has the most up-to-date list of sample sales as well as fashion events and online fashion sales. Each fashion trend lasts at least three seasons (16 months) and each also makes a come back every few years; thus, when quality products are purchased, they could last a lifetime!”Know when to shop.You should always be on the lookout for sales. They can strike at any timeâ€"like lightning that saves you money. But there are also more consistent rules you can follow to save money when shopping for clothes. The tides of shopping, rather than the lightning.“One way that I have found is to buy clothes out of season,” advised Alayna Pehrson, digital marketing strategist for BestCompany.com (@BestCompanyUSA). “Although this may mean that you cant wear it right after you buy it, youll have it to wear for the appropriate season AND you will definitely save money. There is a month-by-month guide that I found to be pretty helpful when trying to figure out which items are cheapest during which month of the year: http://time.com/money/4190173/month-guide-best-time-buy-everything/”And know where to shop.Every reporter knows the 5 “W”s: Who, What, When, Where, and Why. We’ve already answered the Who, What, When, and Why (you, affordab le clothes, off-season, and so you don’t end up with bad credit) so now it’s time to talk about the “Where.”Maxwell shared some of her favorite affordable options: “There is also the obvious [choice] of shopping at discount stores like Saks Off Fifth or Nordstrom Rack where they offer clothing from their main stores at a discounted price. Theres always a rack of damaged stuff (etc missing a button) thats AMAZING and totally unnoticeable. You can find amazing deals there and they take an extra 40 percent off usually.“Another perk I LOVE to use and has become even more amazing over the last few years, is to shop secondhand. There are so many avenues and websites to go now from eBay to Tradsey, to local clothing resale stores. Here in New York we have amazing secondhand shops with stuff that people have never even worn! Marked from $800 to $100! If you buy online from eBay its also tax free! Dont forget this method also applies to you selling your old stuff! This allows you to make some money and save on getting new clothing. Its a win win!”You should also check out coupon sites. As Pehrson told us, “Another way to save money when buying clothes is to search for online coupons. Sites like coupons.com, retailmenot, and Groupon are some great places to find online clothing coupons.”Personal finance expert Kayla Sloan (@kaylarsloan) also has a site she relies on for fashion deals: “My biggest secret for looking great for less is using online thrift stores, like ThredUp.com. I always wait until they offer a coupon code for 10 percent off (or more) or free shipping. I also re-sell my clothes there after Im finished with them so I can use my store credit to refresh my wardrobe. ThredUp is my favorite way to get brand name clothes for less!”Some more tips for style on a budget!We’ve got even more tips for you to use! Need something for a one-time event? “For special occasions, I would recommend renting an outfit (dress, tux, etc),” Pehrson su ggested. “This will keep your credit, closet, and conscience clear as you will most likely only use that outfit once.”She also had another good tip for keeping your spending in check: “A great way to not build up bad credit while shopping for clothes is to only use cash. With cash, there is no temptation to break out the credit card and spend more. Make sure to limit the cash you carry depending on your clothing budget.”Got a big social media following? D’Ruan says you might be able to use it to your advantage: “If you are an aspiring fashionista, stop by stores like Dreams on Air and Flying Solo. Designers from curated fashion incubators dont have the budget for top PR services or advertisement so they are more than likely to lend clothes to social influencers (10K+ IG followers) in return for free publicity. I can share more on this approach but it is as simple as filling out a ‘pull’ form, which also asks for credit card info and duration of the pull. As long as t he items are returned in their original condition, you can rock clothes off the runway from fashion week for free!”Looking for affordable stockings? Vienne Cheung, founder of VienneMilano (@VienneMilano) filled us in on her wares: “In a nutshell, the best way to save money and look fashionable is to shop for affordable luxury brands. For example, for women, instead of spending $50-100 for a pair of stockings, hip and young professionals can shop at VienneMilano.com all of our products are made in Italy. Since VienneMilano is a small business that does not carry extra overhead cost, we can afford to offer fabulous and luxurious products to our customers at an affordable price. Our made in Italy stockings only cost $19.95 for a pair of hosiery, which is significantly less than some of our competitors who sell at $50 for a pair of stockings.”Finally, Okera Banks (@OkeraBanks), celebrity stylist and founder of OTG Essentials, told us how you can switch things up without having to get a whole new wardrobe: “You can have a hip wardrobe without driving yourself into bad credit or bad debt. I call that living within your means, as you maintain your needs.“The most important thing to do is first look at your day to day lifestyle and plan out your week. Create a budget that is realistic and include future spending. The idea here is to save, which means you may have to take advantage of discounts, warehouse sales, or outlets stores like Nordstroms Rack, who offer great products below market value and even online shopping opportunities.“I always tell people who are creating a hip wardrobe or who are transitioning into a new look to review your current wardrobe and add cool accent and statement pieces for extra flare without having to completely replace your closet. And purchase items that are interchangeable and transitional, that way they can be worn for business, travel, business casual, fun, or cocktails.“The idea is being a conservative shopper while be ing stylish and having a sense of duality with each purchase to accommodate your lifestyle. An essential garment piece is one that can create more than 3 good looks.”Take all of these tips, and before you know it you’ll have a whole new look and a whole new improved credit score.ContributorsOkera Banks (@OkeraBanks) is a Los Angeles based designer and celebrity stylist to some of Hollywood’s elite. As a creative designer and owner of Okera Banks OTG Essentials, OTG is the acronym for “On The Go,” her collection caters to today’s swagged out and sophisticated entrepreneur, fashion conscious trend setters and travelers on the go who want comfort and ease with impeccable style.Vienne Cheung (@VienneMilano) followed her passion for fashion and travel to fine hosiery. For years, she traveled the world seeking the best fashion and accessories. In Milano, Italy she fell in love with premium hosiery, then unavailable in the US. The rest is history: she left her cushy corporate j ob, and plunged her soul (and legs!) into VienneMilano.Rachel D’Ruan  (@TrueModelMgt) After half a decade strategizing publicity campaigns for major film studios in Los Angeles, Rachel ventured into fashion and lifestyle PR in New York City. Representing some of the most well-known talents and entrepreneurs in the business has enabled Rachel to obtain a wealth of contacts and diverse experience in image consulting, publicity, marketing and branding. Rachel’s expertise, persistence and tactical approach to her work serves her clients well.Amanda Maxwell (@amkmaxwell) is a 23 year old PR Senior Executive residing in New York City. Shes mostly known for her contributions in the fashion world, fashion focused social media, and press related contributions. Shes also currently a writer for BossBabe.co sharing tips and tricks on all things Fashion, Life, and Beauty.   With her extensive relationships and industry experience, Amanda has always remained in style.Alayna Pehrson(@BestCompa nyUSA)  is a Digital Marketing Strategist and Credit Repair Specialist at BestCompany.comKayla Sloan  (@kaylarsloan) is a personal finance and small business expert. She has been featured in The Huffington Post, Time, Entrepreneur Magazine, and more. Kayla is passionate about helping people improve their finances so they can pursue their dreams with her blog at KaylaSloan.com.

Water Scarcity - Free Essay Example

Water scarcity already affects every continent. Around 1. 2 billion people, or almost one-fifth of the worlds population, live in areas of physical scarcity, and 500 million people are approaching this situation. Another 1. 6 billion people, or almost one quarter of the worlds population, face economic water shortage (where countries lack the necessary infrastructure to take water from rivers and aquifers). Water scarcity is among the main problems to be faced by many societies and the World in the XXIst century. Water use has been growing at more than twice the rate of population increase in the last century, and, although there is no global water scarcity as such, an increasing number of regions are chronically short of water. Water scarcity is both a natural and a human-made phenomenon. There is enough freshwater on the planet for six billion people but it is distributed unevenly and too much of it is wasted, polluted and unsustainably managed. Click on map to enlarge Sources: Vital Water Graphics. UNEP Human Development Report 2006. UNDP, 2006 Coping with water scarcity. Challenge of the twenty-first century. UN-Water, FAO. 2007 Water Scarcity and the MDGs The way water scarcity issues are addressed impacts upon the successful achievement of most of the Millennium Development Goals. Water stress versus water scarcity Hydrologists typically assess scarcity by looking at the population-water equation. An area is experiencing water stress when annual water supplies drop below 1 700 m3 per person. When annual water supplies drop below 1 000 m3 per person, the population faces water scarcity, and below 500 cubic metres absolute scarcity. Water scarcity is defined as the point at which the aggregate impact of all users impinges on the supply or quality of water under prevailing institutional arrangements to the extent that the demand by all sectors, including the environment, cannot be satisfied fully. Water scarcity is a relative concept and can occur at any level of supply or demand. Scarcity may be a social construct (a product of affluence, expectations and customary behaviour) or the consequence of altered supply patterns stemming from climate change for example. Sources: Vital Water Graphics. UNEP Coping with water scarcity. Challenge of the twenty-first century. UN-Water, FAO. 2007 Did you know? Around 700 million people in 43 countries suffer today from water scarcity. By 2025, 1. 8 billion people will be living in countries or regions with absolute water scarcity, and two-thirds of the worlds population could be living under water stressed conditions. With the existing climate change scenario, almost half the worlds population will be living in areas of high water stress by 2030, including between 75 million and 250 million people in Africa. In addition, water scarcity in some arid and semi-arid places will displace between 24 million and 700 million people. Sub-Saharan Africa has the largest number of water-stressed countries of any region. UN initiatives that are helping to raise the issue World Water Day 2007: Coping with water scarcity World Water Day 2007 was dedicated to the theme Coping with water scarcity. It highlighted the increasing significance of water scarcity worldwide and the need for increased integration and cooperation to ensure sustainable, efficient and equitable management of scarce water resources, both at international and local levels.

How Industrial Norms And Conditions That Matter On...

How industrial norms and conditions that matter to television content because they create specific textual outcomes, norms of each television era have made certain types of programs more likely and as the norms and conditions have changed so has the range of textual possibility. For example, the introduction of subscription supported channels led to programs that would not have been allowed on broadcast networks. Because channels that function under this economic model require programming that will is considered valuable enough to entice viewers to pay for their service and are not restricted by the same strict regulations as ad-supported networks, they must provide programs that views cannot find elsewhere, which leads them to push†¦show more content†¦Robert Kintner replaced Weaver as NBC president in 1955 his strategies were intended to move NBC out of its growth phase and into a new phase of maturation, stabilization and profitability. His four fold strategy included a s witch from live programs to telefilm (which made syndication and exportation possible), meat and potatoes scheduling ( nothing extravagant, just regular series meant to promote habitual viewing), licensing of outside suppliers to decrease costs and their inherent risks, and using news as a bridge to primetime in order to promote audience flow. Based on each president’s very different programming strategies, it is easy to decipher which programs belong in which programming strategy category. For example, Today (1952-), fits under Weaver’s strategy because it was part of his in-house â€Å"THT† programming strategy which employed daily format, along with Home and The Tonight Show, so advertisers could buy set segments at lower costs, as well as encouraged viewing in every major block of the day and appealing to a wide range of audiences and encourage stations with empty morning or night schedule to affiliate with NBC. Furthermore, The Tonight Show ledShow MoreRel atedImpact of Media on Socio-Cultural Values and Social Institution in Indian Society10316 Words   |  42 Pagesa role to influence socio-political and cultural settings. Numbers of researchers have been conducting studies worldwide to investigate what they might contribute to an understanding of the economic and other factors that influence mass media, and how the media in turn influence the political climate and the democratic process in modern democracies. Mass media is considered one of the principal agents for societal development, democracy and good governance. Media critics claim that at times massRead MoreImpact of Internet and Media on Modern Youth6198 Words   |  25 Pagesgroup regards the internet (‘we are the internet generation’, they proclaim proudly), suggests a striking coincidence of interests between young people themselves and the rapidly growing industry which markets to them, developing dedicated online content and services, albeit a coincidence that arouses considerable ambivalence among critical commentators. It is suggested that young people’s involvement with online consumer culture, including the ways in which this mediates offline consumer/youth cultureRead MoreEssay on Digital Media and Society5371 Words   |  22 Pagesinnovating using devices originally intended for corporate and government data management... computers * The debates about emerging media * How these debates are important to you profession development * You are a†¦ knowledge worker Field labels * New communication technology * New media * Digital media Article: how is work changing? 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Surveillance in 1984 by George Orwells and the Modern World

A world beyond what George Orwell could imagine has been created in modern society through the use of not only government surveillance, but also corporate and consumer spying where users are often unaware of spying.. 1984 is set in a neo-communist society where the government controls production of goods and spies on its citizens in order to maintain power. In the modern era, surveillance takes a different form. Often the methods for spying on citizens in the US do not involve a direct line from the NSA to the citizen’s home, it usually takes a detour through a commercial setting. By partnering with major companies such as Facebook, Google, and Amazon, government surveillance programs are able to collect far more information than could be gained by simply tapping telephone lines. This is more disturbing since many companies including Verizon, ATT, Apple, and Amazon do not require a warrant to supply information to investigators, and do not notify users of data requests. T he government in 1984 maintains power by using constant surveillance and suppression of citizens. Unlike the modern era, all citizens know they are being watched and are cautious about their actions. Winston says of the telescreen, the Party’s method of espionage: â€Å"Any sound that Winston made, above the level of a very low whisper, would be picked up by it [the telescreen], moreover, so long as he remained within the field of vision which the metal plaque commanded, he could be seen as well asShow MoreRelatedGovernment Surveillance And Totalitarianism In George Orwells 19841593 Words   |  7 PagesThe Correlation of Government Surveillance and Totalitarianism in 1984 During the production of 1984, author George Orwell never envisioned a tangible reality housing the society he constructed. He wrote the novel as a warning, a cautious exposà © showing those what could happen if society lost its sense of humanity; housed in a painfully relevant satire of totalitarian barbarism. 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Both of these books were written during the time when communism rose, and they show a world where it would have been like if communism was never struck down. Certainly, one novel makes a better prediction of the future than the other, and this case it will be 1984. 1984 is a better prediction becauseRead MoreTotalitarianism in Brave New World by Aldous Huxley and Nineteen Eighty-four by George Orwell1270 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernment in which a single person rules. Aldous Huxley and George Orwell are famous authors who opposed totalitarianism, and through their philosophical ideals, attempted to inform people of the dangers faced by society under this restricting system, where people are inhibited from holding any sort of authority. George Orwell, in 1984, discusses concerns relating to big government and big broth er and Aldous Huxley, in Brave New World, discusses predatory markets impinging on our personal freedomsRead MoreEssay on Society’s Influence on 1984 and George Orwell1391 Words   |  6 PagesSociety’s Influence on 1984 and George Orwell To say I accept in an age like our own is to say that you accept concentration-camps, rubber truncheons, Hitler, Stalin, bombs, aeroplanes, tinned food, machine guns, putsches, purges, slogans, Bedaux belts, gas-masks, submarines, spies, provocateurs, press-censorship, secret prisons, aspirins, Hollywood films and political murder (Bookshelf I). Politics, society, economy, and war during the forties had a direct impact on life at the timeRead MoreModern Society In George Orwells Dystopian Novel 19841333 Words   |  6 PagesIn his dystopian novel â€Å"1984,† George Orwell imagines a world of evil, a place where the authentic individual is repressed of any basic rights. Fearful of this, he skilfully portrays the character, Winston Smith, to embody what life might be in a futuristic society, reduced of meaning, thought, and individuality. It is under these same values that German psychologist, Eric Fromm, hints Orwell’s work to be a warning. An eccentric reservoir for readers to understand the dangers and repercussions of

Concentration and Death Camps Chart

From 1933 to 1945, the Nazis ran camps within Germany and Poland to remove political dissidents and anyone they considered Untermenschen (subhuman) from society. A few of these camps, known as death or extermination camps, were specifically built to kill large numbers of people quickly. What Was the First Camp? The first of these camps was Dachau, built in  1933, just months after Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany. Auschwitz, on the other hand, was not built until 1940, but it soon became the largest of all the camps and was both a concentration and a death camp. Majdanek was also large and it too was both a concentration and death camp. As part of Aktion Reinhard, three more death camps were created in 1942  -- Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka. The purpose of these camps was to kill all the Jews remaining in the area known as the Generalgouvernement (part of occupied Poland). When Did the Camps Close? Some of these camps were liquidated by the Nazis starting in 1944. Others continued to operate until either Russian or American troops liberated them.   A Chart of Concentration and Death Camps Camp Function Location Est. Evacuated Liberated Est. No. Murdered Auschwitz Concentration/Extermination Oswiecim, Poland (near Krakow) May 26, 1940 Jan. 18, 1945 Jan. 27, 1945by Soviets 1,100,000 Belzec Extermination Belzec, Poland March 17, 1942 Liquidated by NazisDecember 1942 600,000 Bergen-Belsen Detention;Concentration (After 3/44) near Hanover, Germany April 1943 April 15, 1945 by British 35,000 Buchenwald Concentration Buchenwald, Germany (near Weimar) July 16, 1937 April 6, 1945 April 11, 1945Self-Liberated; April 11, 1945by Americans Chelmno Extermination Chelmno, Poland Dec. 7, 1941;June 23, 1944 Closed March 1943 (but reopened);Liquidated by NazisJuly 1944 320,000 Dachau Concentration Dachau, Germany (near Munich) March 22, 1933 April 26, 1945 April 29, 1945by Americans 32,000 Dora/Mittelbau Sub-camp of Buchenwald;Concentration (After 10/44) near Nordhausen, Germany Aug. 27, 1943 April 1, 1945 April 9, 1945 by Americans Drancy Assembly/Detention Drancy, France (suburb of Paris) August 1941 Aug. 17, 1944by Allied Forces Flossenbrg Concentration Flossenbrg, Germany (near Nuremberg) May 3, 1938 April 20, 1945 April 23, 1945 by Americans Gross-Rosen Sub-camp of Sachsenhausen;Concentration (After 5/41) near Wroclaw, Poland August 1940 Feb. 13, 1945 May 8, 1945 by Soviets 40,000 Janowska Concentration/Extermination Lviv, Ukraine Sept. 1941 Liquidated by NazisNovember 1943 Kaiserwald/Riga Concentration (After 3/43) Meza-Park, Latvia (near Riga) 1942 July 1944 Koldichevo Concentration Baranovichi, Belarus Summer 1942 22,000 Majdanek Concentration/Extermination Lublin, Poland Feb. 16, 1943 July 1944 July 22, 1944by Soviets 360,000 Mauthausen Concentration Mauthausen, Austria (near Linz) Aug. 8, 1938 May 5, 1945by Americans 120,000 Natzweiler/Struthof Concentration Natzweiler, France (near Strasbourg) May 1, 1941 Sept. 1944 12,000 Neuengamme Sub-camp of Sachsenhausen;Concentration (After 6/40) Hamburg, Germany Dec. 13, 1938 April 29, 1945 May 1945by British 56,000 Plaszow Concentration (After 1/44) Krakow, Poland Oct. 1942 Summer 1944 Jan. 15, 1945 by Soviets 8,000 Ravensbrck Concentration near Berlin, Germany May 15, 1939 April 23, 1945 April 30, 1945by Soviets Sachsenhausen Concentration Berlin, Germany July 1936 March 1945 April 27, 1945by Soviets Sered Concentration Sered, Slovakia (near Bratislava) 1941/42 April 1, 1945by Soviets Sobibor Extermination Sobibor, Poland (near Lublin) March 1942 Revolt on October 14, 1943; Liquidated by Nazis October 1943 Summer 1944by Soviets 250,000 Stutthof Concentration (After 1/42) near Danzig, Poland Sept. 2, 1939 Jan. 25, 1945 May 9, 1945by Soviets 65,000 Theresienstadt Concentration Terezin, Czech Republic (near Prague) Nov. 24, 1941 Handed over to Red Cross May 3, 1945 May 8, 1945by Soviets 33,000 Treblinka Extermination Treblinka, Poland (near Warsaw) July 23, 1942 Revolt on April 2, 1943; Liquidated by Nazis April 1943 Vaivara Concentration/Transit Estonia Sept. 1943 Closed June 28, 1944 Westerbork Transit Westerbork, Netherlands Oct. 1939 April 12, 1945 camp handed over to Kurt Schlesinger

Designing An Advertisement Campaign On Beauty Salon

BSBADV602B Develop an advertisement campaign Lakhvir Singh ID 1502 Introduction Here I am making an Advertising plan on beauty salon it would be helpful to increase its market. The name of the Salon is awesome hair and Beauty studio. It is located in Werribee, Vic. I want to increase its customer number. The name of the owner is Priya. She starts this business to gain profit. The main objective of this advertising plan is to advertising objective is to demonstrate the effectiveness of a product or its ease of use. Purpose of the plan: Over the last five years there has been an expansion of upscale chain salons in major metropolitan areas. The expansion takes the form of opening new stores, as well as purchasing independently-owned salons and transferring them over to the chain. Additionally, this trend has occurred with the full-service, family hair cutting stores. The reason for this trend is similar to other industries that are consolidating; cost saving measures. Awesome is not participating in this trend of aligning itself with a chain. Awesome believes that it has better insight to its local market and would rather apply this specialized insight to its market instead of adopting the procedures of a national chain.The main purpose of the plan to provide a wide range of products and beauty therapies to the customers. Our prices will be cheap and we offering a special discount to the customers. Our main aim is to provide good quality ofShow MoreRelatedBusiness Plan- Hair Salon4365 Words   |  18 PagesHot Heads Salon 1 Hot Heads Salon 1234 Beach Road Boynton Beach, FL 33426 (561) 123-1234 Business Plan Kelly C. 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A) event B) property C) service D) place E) idea Answer: D Page Ref: 6 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analytic

The Dimensions of Inter-Professional Practice Free Essays

string(157) " there are also some drawbacks including the time needed for teams to work effectively, and difficulties with perceived status differences \(Housley 2003\)\." Abstract The essay examines a situation encountered by the student during her placement on a hospital ward: the regular ward meetings to discuss patient care and progress. The essay reflects upon the experience using the reflective cycle model proposed by Gibbs. It also draws upon SWOT analysis and the PDSA cycle model for nursing practice. We will write a custom essay sample on The Dimensions of Inter-Professional Practice or any similar topic only for you Order Now While rooted in the student’s experience, the essay also looks at relevant theoretical concepts including those of multidisciplinary teamwork and patient-centred healthcare. 1. Introduction This essay aims to consider a situation I have encountered during my placement, using principles of reflective practice to outline an appropriate change to established procedure which, I feel, will benefit service users and staff. I want to discuss ward reviews, and show how these can be improved by extending the range of people who attend these reviews. I want to use principles of reflective practice and evidence-based practice to examine this area. The essay will use Gibbs reflective cycle as a structure within which to understand a situation I encountered, and plan for change. The essay will also look at some relevant theory, including notions of interprofessional team work, change theory and team dynamics.The current situation will be discussed in terms of these. I will also draw upon the PDSA cycle model for nursing practice (NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement 2012 [online]), which provides a way to structure and implement change. I will also use a tool widely used in business called ‘SWOT’ analysis, which helps in change planning by formalising the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in a given situation, and which is also useful for healthcare (Marquis and Huston 2009). Gibbs (1988) model of reflective practice will also be influential. The essay will be structured according to this 6 sta ge cycle, from description of event through evaluation and analysis to action and further reflection. While there are several different models of using reflectivity in practice including Bortons’ (1970), Kolb’s (1984) and Johns’ (1995), I use Gibbs model as it seems to best express the dynamic process of learning and change for me.These tools will be used to demonstrate the things I feel are inadequate with the present situation whereby a limited number of healthcare professionals attend ward reviews, and suggest a change whereby key workers also attend, offering a deeper perspective on patient needs. The nomination form, which assesses my placement, is included in the Appendix. 2. The Situation: Description The situation in question occurred when I was on placement. The hospital at which I was working, like others, carried out regular ward reviews. In these, the patient was discussed. A number of key staff involved in patient care were involved, and the aim was to review the patients care, treatment and prognosis. At the hospital where I carried out my placement, the members of staff who were involved were the consultant, the occupational therapist and the review nurse, sometimes also a student attended. The patient did not attend this meeting. I attended a number of these reviews. In general, all members of the team who attended were respected and respectful, and took care to listen to what each person had to say. One person led the meeting, making sure all were included and also ensuring that discussion did not go on for too long. Realistic goals and a date for the next meeting were set at the end, and the items discussed were formalised in writing. 3. The Situation: My Feelings I had two sets of feelings. On the one hand, I felt pleased that everyone who attended the meetings seemed to have the best interests of the patient at heart. Where there were disputes it was regarding what would work best for the patient. Also, I was pleased with how professionally staff members conducted themselves, I seldom witnessed rudeness or ‘shortness’ when one person spoke to another. People took turns and really seemed to listen. In part, I felt, this was due to the way the meetings were led, which was very sensitive. However, on the other hand, I felt quite annoyed and disappointed that not all staff who were involved in patient care were included in the meetings. I felt that a whole side of the patient’s experience was being missed out. The staff who attended seemed to understand the patient’s condition only generally, from their records and discussing the situation, not through contact with the patient daily. The holistic side of patient car e, understanding what the patient was feeling, seemed to have been missed out. 4. Evaluation In terms of the ‘SWOT’ framework, widely used in business but also useful for understanding healthcare (Williamson et al 1996), I evaluated the experience as follows. As Gibb’s evaluation stage is concerned mainly with what is good and bad about the experience, I have omitted the ‘opportunities’ and ‘threats’ from this analysis, as they will be covered later. Strengths Good communication between team members Respectful awareness of other points of view Developed clear goals and actions to follow Weaknesses Patient seems to lack a ‘voice’ Those involved in caring regularly from patient are not included in the review Those who know the patient well are not included in the review Lack of holistic and person-centred care 5. Analysis The following sections looked at what happened, how I experienced it and what sense I made of it within my own parameters. In order to make wider sense of the situation, I need to draw upon notions of interprofessional teamwork, user perspectives and team dynamics, all concepts central to the current health service. Interprofessional teamwork, also known as multidisciplinary teamwork (MDT), has been part of healthcare policy in the UK since 1997 (Davis 2007). As an approach, it means professionals from a range of disciplines involved in patient care meeting to discuss and agree on care plans for patients (Hostad 2010). There are a number of benefits, for example multidisciplinary teamwork seems to meet user needs better, and to deliver better outcomes. However, there are also some drawbacks including the time needed for teams to work effectively, and difficulties with perceived status differences (Housley 2003). You read "The Dimensions of Inter-Professional Practice" in category "Essay examples"For effective MDT, the ways in which team dynamics work has to be understood. There are many attempts to understand how people work together, both generally and in the healthcare context, for example Bale’s (1950) model. Maslow’s model is also influential in healthcare. He suggested that all human’s need to be respected by others in order to feel valued, and have a need to feel part of a group, and want to have their social and emotional needs met within the work context (Borkowski 2009). The notion of incorporating user perspectives is also very influential in the NHS currently, as ‘patient-centred healthcare’. This was introduced in the late 90’s, and involves patients being involved as much as possible in decisions which are made about their care. The relationship between healthcare professional and patient is no longer one in which the professional is at the top of a hospital hierarchy, but one of partnership in which mutual respect and communication exist (Chambers et al 2003) Overall, I feel that both MDT and patient-centred healthcare could be improved here through including the key workers, or support workers of the named patient. The key worker acts as a co-ordinator on behalf of the patient, keeping the patient informed of what is going on and co-ordinating care and ensuring continuity of treatment (NICE 2004). Support workers or healthcare assistants act in a supporting role to other professionals, and are very ‘hands-on’ in well-being and looking after the patient.Both these professionals have much closer contact with the patient and as such have important insights into the patient’s situation. Multidisciplinary teamwork emphasises including all viewpoints relevant to the situation, and I feel that these workers would add valuable insights to enhance the teamwork. In addition, how can patient care be really holistic and patient-centred if the meetings do not include those people who get to know patients as individuals, understa nding their feelings, hopes and fears Including support and key workers would allow those people who are not involved in daily care to really understand how the patient is feeling.In addition, if support and key workers were present at the meeting, it would be much easier and quicker to feedback to the patient what is going on with their care. As it stands, patients hear second hand. 6. Conclusion Gibbs suggests reflecting upon what else I could have done here. Given that I was on placement, I feel that the opportunities for changing the situation are practically limited. At the time, I felt it was not appropriate for me to speak up and question the accepted meeting structure. Later, however, I did question whether I should have mentioned this to my supervisor on the ward. I felt that the emphasis on MDT meant that I would be heard sympathetically, even though I had very little experience. If I was able, I would change the meeting structure to ensure that either a support worker or a key worker was included as a matter of principle. I feel that the existing meeting structure is very good, and that if it was part of protocol that staff closely involved in the patient’s care were included, they would be welcomed into the meetings, their opinions heard and the patient’s viewpoint better understood. This would, I feel, ensure that the care delivered to the patient was more truly patient-centred and holistic, as it would take into account not only quantitative data about their condition but also their feelings and emotions. In addition, I feel wider meetings would be more reflective of multi-dimensional teamworking, as they currently don’t include all staff perspectives. It also seems that including key and support workers is more ethical. All hospitals have detailed code of conducts which set out the ways in which they expect their staff to behave, and the care of the patient is generally the first priority in these. Working as a team is also one of the central tenets of most ethical codes in UK hospitals (Melia 2004). 7. Action Plan Here I draw upon the PDSA model to suggest a way to structure the change: Plan Discuss and agree new format for meetings (including key worker or support worker) Inform key / support worker and other staff of new meeting format Do Carry out a series of 4 pilot meetings over agreed time period Agree and implement mechanisms for review of new meeting format (gather data from key/support workers, staff already included, and patients) Study Analyse data collected, assess changes against clearly defined criteria (for example, do patients feel more informed, happier; did key/support workers feel included; did other staff value new structure) What worked wellWhat worked less well? Act Plan new meetings on basis of what was learnt during study phase. If including key/support workers beneficial, change meeting structure so that they are now part of meetings. Ensure that repercussions of this are understood, for example allowing them extra time for preparing for meetings. References Borton, T (1970) Reach, Teach and Touch, Mc Graw Hill, London. Gibbs, G (1988) Learning by Doing: A Guide to Teaching and Learning Methods, Further Educational Unit, Oxford Polytechnic, Oxford. Johns C (1995) Framing learning through reflection within Carper’s fundamental ways of knowing in nursing Journal of Advanced Nursing, 22, 226-234 Kolb, D A (1984) Experiential Learning experience as a source of learning and development, Prentice Hall, New Jersey Marquis, B L and Huston, C J (2009) Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: theory and application (6th edn), Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Melia, K M (2004) Health care ethics: lessons from intensive care, SAGE, Thousand Oaks, CA NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement (2012) ‘Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA)’, [online] (cited 14th February 2012), available from http://www.institute.nhs.uk/quality_and_service_improvement_tools/quality_and_service_improvement_tools/plan_do_study_act.html NICE (2004) ‘Improving Outcomes Guidance for Supportive and Palliative Care’, National Institute of Clinical Excellence 2004, London. Williamson, S, Stevens, R E, Loudon, D L (1996) Fundamentals of strategic planning for healthcare organizations, Routledge, UK Appendix CLIENT – INCLUDE NOMINATION FORM HERE Assignment In writing the 1500 word reflective commentary focussed on service improvement you should consider/address the following: The context and setting for your placement. Your reflective commentary should focus either on a service improvement initiative that you have identified with your mentor, or on a service improvement that has previously been implemented in your practice area. You should examine this initiative in terms of the inter-professional team and identify actual or potential ways that inter-professional working can facilitate its implementation. You should also discuss potential barriers to implementation. You MUST include the Service Improvement Activity notification form with your assignment including a discussion of future plans in terms of the service improvement initiative. An evidence based model of reflection or reflective writing should be used. You should offer a rationale to support what you have used (fixed resource sessions on the use and application of reflective models and writing are included in the delivery of this module). You should also demonstrate the use of the PDSA cycle in terms of service improvement. For assessment purposes you are not expected to move beyond the planning stage of the PDSA cycle. As this assignment is a reflective commentary your reflection must be supported and referenced by using appropriate sources (as per learning outcomes). You may wish to use a structured reflective model e.g. Gibbs’, Rolfe et al or John’s; or you may wish to write in a reflective style, encompassing reflection on action e.g. Schon or Borton. This is your choice but either way you must show evidence you have done this. A reflective commentary requires that you use subheadings. The structure of this piece of work can be informed by using either learning outcomes or the stages of a reflective model to do so. If you say you are going to use a model of reflection, then you must demonstrate clearly that you have done so. Which ever process you use must be briefly explained and rationalised within your introduction. Ensure that you have supported your assignment with appropriate, contemporary and relevant sources, including published literature, professional standards key texts and policy. You need to apply theory to practice and use paraphrasing to demonstrate understanding of the sources you have used. Make sure you address the relevant learning outcomes for this piece of work (l,2,5) in this commentary: Learning outcome one requires you to analyse the unique role of the nurse within the inter-professional team and also to apply this to your experience in your placement area. For example, do nurses in your placement area require any additional skills or knowledge to work with the client/patient group Learning outcome two requires you to evaluate the contribution of all members of the inter-professional team in providing holistic care to clients/patients. For example, which guidelines and policies inform holistic care in your placement area and how did this impact on practice in your areaHow did the team work togetherWhat qualities did you note in the team and how did this impact on care delivery Learning outcome five asks you to reflect on learning and transfer newly gained knowledge. For example, what did you learn and how will what you learned in your placement help to prepare you to be a registered nurse How to cite The Dimensions of Inter-Professional Practice, Essay examples

Corporate governance and Investors

Question: Discuss about the Corporate governance and Investors. Answer: Current Framework and Issues of Corporate Governance The current framework of Australian corporate governance is comprised of eight principles, which are described below. Serial Number Principles Explanation 1 Laying off solid foundations regarding oversight and management Considering a listed entity, it needs to establish and disclose the responsibilities and roles of the management and board (Beekes et al., 2015). Also the performance needs to be evaluated and monitored. 2 Structuring of Board to add Value Considering a listed entity, it needs to have the board of accurate size, skills, composition and ability to discharge duties. 3 Acting Ethically and Responsively Considering a listed entity, it needs to act responsively and ethically. 4 Safeguarding integrity for corporate reporting Considering a listed entity, it needs to have rigorous and formal processes that verify integrity safeguarding of the corporate reporting (Miglani et al., 2015). 5 Making timely and balanced disclosure Considering a listed entity, it needs to make balanced and timely disclosure of matters regarding a rational person expecting material value or price effect of its securities. 6 Respecting security and rights for holders Considering a listed entity, it needs to comply with the rights of security holders and thereby providing them with appropriate facilities and information (Christensen et al., 2015). This will ultimately help to exercise effective duties. 7 Recognizing and Managing Risk Considering a listed entity, it needs to build a framework of effective risk management and also review that with the progress of time. 8 Remunerate Responsively and Fairly Considering a listed entity, it needs to attract high quality directors, managers and executives by paying direct remuneration (Bell et al., 2014). This should be enough for creating value for the security holders. Table 1: Current framework of Australian Corporate Governance (Source: Schultz et al., 2013) Issues of Corporate Governance Continued Regulatory Burden More than ninety percent of the survey respondents from Directors Report 2015 indicated that Australian boards and directors compliance issues and regulatory burdens (Ayuso et al., 2014). Such issues have been not solved by the prior 11,000 bi-annual legislation repeal days. Equipping the Board According to Soleimani et al., (2014), the board of directors is often found to not have the accurate amount of knowledge and skilled associates, which could have otherwise solved the issues related to growth opportunities. Social media involvement and utilization of digital technology is quite lagging behind. Cross Boarder Opportunities Australian organizations are extremely centered to domestic operations and free trade agreement is not effective, resulting to inappropriate market expansion. Issues related to fluctuating political and economic turbulences have created the cross-border challenge. Application of Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations According to Min and Smyth, (2014), while considering the eight principles, it can be said that balanced and timely disclosure of matters are preventing the small-scale organizations to act proactively. On the other hand, Seamer, (2014) pointed out the remuneration factors are the most responsible factor due to which organizations are not able to maintain best quality employee force. However, it must be said that the organizations that fall under the ASX list must comply with the corporate governance principles. Such organizations are having their own ASX code and referred to the GICS industry group (Min Smyth, 2014). These companies fall under the industries such as energy, diversified financials, materials, real estate, software, food and services, retailing, media, capital goods, utilities and health care equipment. Subramaniam et al., (2013) pointed out that the companies that are listed under ASX, needs to follow the regulations that are under guidance of ASX Council. The Council has the right to upgrade the recommendations and modify the principles. Each of the listed companies needs to follow the rules and eight principles. However, Clarke, (2014) indicated that the organizations has the liberty to not comply with the regulations if they understand the necessity to do so, but for that they need to inform and justify the reason for non-compliance. Legal Enforcement According to Dou et al., (2015), principles and recommendations that are designed by any council are often found to be not complied by organizations as quite often emergencies and operations act in such a way that framework becomes a prevention for smooth business flow. (Soleimani et al., 2014) added that for non-compliance, certain objection from the investors and stakeholders are raised at several point of time, which raises the question of principles existence and value. Ultimately the council becomes responsible for the breach of activities. Therefore, it can be said that legal enforcement of the Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations is extremely important. While considering the view of Christensen et al., (2015), it can be said that hard law is the only way by which the corporate governance principles can be strengthened. This will make the actual binding of legal laws and instruments, which the ASX listed organizations will need to abide by in future. Statutory regulations through hard law will eventually help in legal enforcement of the principles and in this way excuses and explanation of breach can be averted. If not why not or comply or explain VS Statutory Provision of Corporate Governance Corporate Governance is the system of rules, processes and practices, which direct an organization towards its effective operation. Corporate governance mainly involves the balancing interest of the stakeholders like shareholders, customers, management, financiers, Government, suppliers, employees and communities (Schultz et al., 2013). The boards of directors are mainly responsible for framing the corporate governance and maintaining its application all throughout the business towards sustainable business. If not why not or comply or explain is an approach, which different organizations can follow for framing their corporate governance. In this approach, the regulatory bodies prescribe a set of rules, which the organizations are to comply with for conducting unethical business practice (Min Smyth, 2014). Moreover, in this approach, the regulatory bodies do not actually set out the binding laws, but they set come code of conduct, which the organization may either follow or not as pe r their nature of the business. The purpose of this approach is to ensure that the set of codes are appropriate for individual companies. While an organization deviate from the code of conduct, this approach may violate the view of "one size fits all". In this approach, if the code of conducts set by the regulatory bodies are appropriate for one company then it should comply with that code of conduct (Clarke, 2014). On the other hand, if the code of conducts is not appropriate for one company then they should explain the reasons of rejection to their stakeholders. However, when the explanation of rejection is not satisfactory to the investors then they can invest their money in other company, which is complying with the code of conduct. Moreover, this approach is best applicable, where uniform standards fit the all types of organizations. In contrast to If not why not or comply or explain, statutory provisions mandate the organization to follow the legal rules for practicing the businesses. Moreover, the approach of statutory provision follows the rules of hard law. As per the statutory provision, the rule of corporate governance should have actual binding of legal instruments and laws. The legal enforcement of the statutory provisions mandates the corporate bodies towards aligning them with legal corporate governance principles (Ayuso et al., 2014). Moreover, statutory provision of corporate governance can penalize an organization, while it violates the legal enforcement of the corporate rules. In the light of recent constitutional conflict, corporate collapse and the push of national uniform regulation, the regulatory regime of corporate governance is in a state of flux. Day by day, the organizations in Australia are increasing their sizes. The urge of providing specialized benefits is leading the owners towards controlling the day-to-day activities of the organizations (Bell et al., 2014). Moreover, there is a significant role of board of directors towards observing the management activities for maintaining the business ethics. Moreover, making corporate governance mandatory through statutory provision can protect the rights of all the stakeholders of an organization. The acts set by the Government and regulatory bodies direct the organizations towards practicing transparent businesses. Hence, the legal framework of corporate governance can protect the right of every business stakeholders. The if not why not or comply or explain gives ASX listed companies a scope for not adhering to the codes of the regulatory bodies. Moreover, in this approach, the organizations may reject the regulatory code of conducts by explaining the reasons of rejection to the stakeholders. In some cases, the organizations can reject the regulatory code of conducts for their own benefits by sacrificing the interest of their stakeholders (Clarke, 2014). Moreover, the organizations can get the scope of practicing unethical businesses by keeping only the intension of earning profit. Furthermore, due to lack of legal enforcement, the organizations can also show casual approach towards maintaining the codes of the regulatory bodies. In this contrast, making corporate governance principles mandatory through the statutory provision, will bind the organization through some legal frameworks. The ASX listed companies will be penalized, while deviating from any of the legal corporate governance principles. Hence, the organization can never dare to break the legal framework of the corporate governance and maintain transparency in all through their business practices. Moreover, the legal enforcement of the corporate governance through hard law will force the organization towards adhering to more ethical business practices (Dou et al., 2015). Therefore, while comparing if not why not or comply or explain with statutory provision of corporate governance, it can be said that statutory provision is much more effective for long lasting and efficient corporate governance. References Ayuso, S., Rodrguez, M. A., Garca-Castro, R., Ario, M. A. (2014). Maximizing stakeholders interests: An empirical analysis of the stakeholder approach to corporate governance.Business society,53(3), 414-439. Beekes, W., Brown, P., Zhang, Q. (2015). Corporate governance and the informativeness of disclosures in Australia: a re?examination.Accounting Finance,55(4), 931-963. Bell, R. G., Filatotchev, I., Aguilera, R. V. (2014). Corporate governance and investors' perceptions of foreign IPO value: An institutional perspective.Academy of Management Journal,57(1), 301-320. Christensen, J., Kent, P., Routledge, J., Stewart, J. (2015). Do corporate governance recommendations improve the performance and accountability of small listed companies?.Accounting Finance,55(1), 133-164. Clarke, T. (2014). The impact of financialisation on international corporate governance: the role of agency theory and maximising shareholder value.Law and Financial Markets Review,8(1), 39-51. Dou, Y., Sahgal, S., Zhang, E. J. (2015). Should independent directors have term limits? The role of experience in corporate governance.Financial Management,44(3), 583-621. Miglani, S., Ahmed, K., Henry, D. (2015). Voluntary corporate governance structure and financial distress: Evidence from Australia.Journal of Contemporary Accounting Economics,11(1), 18-30. Min, B. S., Smyth, R. (2014). Corporate governance, globalization and firm productivity.Journal of World Business,49(3), 372-385. Schultz, E., Tian, G. Y., Twite, G. (2013). Corporate governance and the CEO payperformance link: Australian evidence.International Review of Finance,13(4), 447-472. Seamer, M. (2014). Does Effective Corporate Governance Facilitate Continuous Market Disclosure?.Australian Accounting Review,24(2), 111-126. Soleimani, A., Schneper, W. D., Newburry, W. (2014). The impact of stakeholder power on corporate reputation: A cross-country corporate governance perspective.Organization Science,25(4), 991-1008. Subramaniam, N., Stewart, J., Ng, C., Shulman, A. (2013). Understanding corporate governance in the Australian public sector: A social capital approach.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,26(6), 946-977

Human Resource Management Issues

Questions: The purpose of this assignment is for you to develop and demonstrate an understanding of relevant theory and best practice related to HRM and workplace relations practices, and to critically review a fundamental HRM practice in light of such theory and practice. Accordingly, the assignment draws on your understanding of relevant HRM practices covered in Section Two of the course, as well as your understanding of HRM, workplace relations and organisational behaviour theories and concepts. Task 1. Conduct an evaluation of a fundamental human resource management (HRM) or workplace relations practice (or set of practices) in an organisation that you are familiar with or have access to. 2. Identify the key aspects of the organisations environment relevant to the practice(s). Drawing on relevant theory, scholarly literature, and professional literature, critically discuss the key issues facing the organisation and why these are important, and make recommendations for the organisation. 3. In your evaluation you should discuss effectiveness and efficiency of the practice(s) and the implications of this practice on other aspects of HRM and workplace relations as applicable. 4. Depending on the organisations strategic goals and/or current challenges, you may choose to focus on a specific practice (e.g. recruitment), or it may be more appropriate to review a set of interrelated practices. You may wish to use a pseudonym to protect the anonymity of the organisation. Answers: Introduction Context, strategy and challenges One of the major objectives of this research paper is to examine the human resource management issues in Wal-Mart, one of the leading retailers in the world. It has been observed that the company faces some issues in employee selection, training and the overall development of the corporation and thus this part is required to look at carefully. It can be seen that employee selection is a significant factor in Wal-Mart at the time they hire their staffs and diversity in this case plays a significant role. This multi-million dollar company has always been committed to maintain strong diversity as a part of their continuing efforts to become the pioneer in the existing industry (Alfes et al., 2013). However, it can be stated that the most recent complaints in this regards can be seen that Wal-Mart has mistreated and underpaid their staffs for quite a long time. Besides this issue, it can be seen that Wal-Mart has been accused for not treating the rights of the employees as well as not be ing as much up to date with technology as they must be. Therefore, it has been seen that training and hiring has become one of the major faults of this leading retail company and the human resource management activities have been accused for this (Bratton Gold, 2012). Practice to be examined In spite of being generally applauded for the organizational culture, Wal-Mart has been severely criticized for some certain aspects of the culture. In spite of a strict policy on the overtime, it is observed that the employees of this organization worked between 5 to 15 hours overtime each week, whether the company had a 40 hours work week. It has been observed in this regards that since overtime in the organization is prohibited, the store managers of many stores often ask the employees to clock out after their shift was over and after that continue working. It has been noticed that many workers had worked for more than 3 hours in a store before clocking in officially in the organization. Another major human resource fault noticed that the store management used to lock the doors of the store at the end of a shift to prevent employees from leaving at the scheduled time. Therefore, it can be stated that this incident often enraged the employees as well as their relatives and the fami lies and at the same time created a poor image of Wal-Mart (Buller McEvoy, 2012). Aims of the report The primary objectives of this report have been mentioned here. Focusing on the working practices, recruitment and selection in Wal-Mart Discussing associated barriers and challenges related to the present working situation Provide analytical research work to design the transformative strategies and solutions to deal with the present working issues in Wal-Mart Approach to be taken in the analysis In order to gain in-depth knowledge of recruitment, selection and healthy working conditions, a literature review has been conducted. Relevant limitations and assumptions During conduction of the research work, time constraints are one of the strong barriers for making a detailed and critical analysis. Moreover, it can be stated that being an outsider, getting access of all data and real incidents in the organization are another obstacles at the time of preparing the research work (Hendry, 2012). Discussion Concise review of the current practices It can be stated that the human resource team of any of the organizations are responsible to look after maintaining the rights of the employees, creating a positive workplace where the employees would enjoy working and look at the point where the employees would not be exploited. It can be stated that the HR departments of the company generally do not talk with the managers and the employees on a regular basis. But, when the emergency situation arises, the need to communicate with both of them for analyzing the actual situation and incorporate some effective policies to deal with the situation carefully. Moreover, it can be stated that many incidents regarding the improper working culture were not entertained by the HR of the company and thus, based on the situation; no such policies were taken into account (Jiang et al., 2012). Apart from that, Jiang et al. (2012) have stated in his research work that the HR managers of the company do not like to confront the employees when they do something wrong and this has been largely noticed in Wal-Mart. Besides, creating proper workplace for the employees and maintaining the rules and the regulations of the workplace falls in the main to-do list of the employees. Therefore, it can be stated that creating such an environment free from the unnecessary hazards is one of the strategic roles of all the human resource managers of the organization. Kehoe and Wright (2013) have stated that the strategic roles of the human resource managers with respect to the employee training and overall development procedure makes the workplace for the future positions within the existing organization. Klassen and Vereecke (2012) have stated that the workers spend a major part of their life, almost eight to ten years at their workplace and thus it is essential for them to get a positive workplace where they would enjoy their work. If the employees do not get a safe and friendly working environment, they might not become committed to their job and thus their contribution to the society would be little. In Wal-Mart, it has been seen that the employees are exploited with overtime, gender discrimination, poor quality of health care services, low wages and unavailability of maternity leaves. These all have affected the entire reputation of the company in the existing retail market and the human resource managers have been accused for these nuisances (Purce, 2014). Relevant organization environment characteristics The human resource management team of the company must focus on maintaining favorable workplace culture that would enable the employees to work properly and provide significant contribution to the overall growth of the company. Renwick, Redman and Maguire (2013) have stated while the employees require belonging, be liked as well as be respected, at the same time they are required to be creatively and efficiently contribute to the overall organizational goals. Moreover, it can be stated that management must tap into worker potentialities and avoiding wasting untapped resources. The employees are required to be allocated based on their area of specification and this would help the company to gain maximum business growth (Scherer, Palazzo, Seidl, 2013). Apart from that, it can be stated that human resource managers must help in discovering the hidden talents of the employees and make sure that all the workers are able to entirely use their range of talents to assist accomplishment the organizational goal. However, it can be stated that the management must encourage teamwork and continually look for the greater areas where the teams can easily exercise more control. The working environment must not be such, where the rights of the employees would be hampered (Storey, 2014). Relevant literature and theory Resource based theory has been one of the leading steps in the human resource management procedure, as this explains a new point of view of the success of the organization. All the organizations are heterogeneous and based on the nature of the work, the resources are required to allocate. Therefore, resource based theory is one of the most discussed theories in this regards and the human resource management ream is required to look at this part to maintain proper sustainability in the workplace (Storey, 2014). Besides this resource based theory, it can be stated that Theory X and Theory Y is another major theory in the human resource management. Employees in this sector dislike working and tend to avoid responsibility and need to be directed. However, it can be stated that X-Type organizations tend to be top heavy, with the managers and the supervisors required at each step to control them. On the other hand, Theory Y states that employees like to take responsibilities and are motivated automatically to fulfill the objectives. Apart from that, they seek and accept responsibilities and thus need not much direction. Therefore, it can be stated that the human resource management team of every organization need to motivate the employees to reach the Theory Y point (Scherer, Palazzo, Seidl, 2013). Conclusions After focusing on the human resource management issues, it has been seen that the employees of Wal-Mart are not satisfied with the working atmosphere of the organization. Therefore, based on the identified human resource issues, some effective recommendations are required to provide in this part, so that management incorporate these policies into practice to enhance the present market situation. Recommendations (SMART) It can be recommended that the human resource functions of Wal-Mart demand improvements in the following areas and they are recruiting and selection, training and development, performance management, focusing on employees rights, compensation and benefits as well as the labor relations. Considering the procedure of recruitment and selection, it can be state that this is highly critical and thus the process needs to revise. A conventional human resource management procedure is required to adopt keeping balance with the increasing competition. The employees are required to recruit based on the human resource requirement in the organization. Moreover, the company is advised to focus on incorporating flexible training programs in order to motivate the employees. Apart from that, the load of overtime is required to revise immediately to maintain fair workplace in the company. The human resource management policies of the company are required to revise immediately, as the policies are not favorable for the employees. The maternity leaves policies and overtime compensation policy are two major parts that are required to revise. Specific Revising the existing human resource policies is specific enough, as this would help the company to revise the existing company situation. Measurable After revising the human resource management policies, the result can be seen through employee feedback. Therefore, this is measurable enough and can be relied on this. Attainable The measurement is attainable enough, because the human resource managers can revise the policies and look at maintaining the interest of the employees. Realistic Wal-Mart is one of the leading international companies that have branches in different parts of the world. Therefore, to hold on the market position, the human resource policies are required to revise immediately. Time Specific After incorporating necessary changes in the existing human resource policy, the result must be assessed within the time period of 2 months. The obtained result would be assessed and thus it can be started that this is enough time-specific. References Alfes, K., Shantz, A. D., Truss, C., Soane, E. C. (2013). The link between perceived human resource management practices, engagement and employee behaviour: a moderated mediation model.The international journal of human resource management,24(2), 330-351. Bratton, J., Gold, J. (2012).Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Buller, P. F., McEvoy, G. M. (2012). Strategy, human resource management and performance: Sharpening line of sight.Human resource management review,22(1), 43-56. Ceniceros, R. (2014). Bias suit against Wal-Mart gets class action status. Business Insurance, Vol. 38, Issue 26. Featherstone, L. (2005). Is Wal-Mart Really Going Green? The Website of AlterNet. Hendry, C. (2012).Human resource management. Routledge. Jiang, K., Lepak, D. P., Han, K., Hong, Y., Kim, A., Winkler, A. L. (2012). Clarifying the construct of human resource systems: Relating human resource management to employee performance.Human Resource Management Review,22(2), 73-85. Jiang, K., Lepak, D. P., Hu, J., Baer, J. C. (2012). How does human resource management influence organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation of mediating mechanisms.Academy of management Journal,55(6), 1264-1294. Kehoe, R. R., Wright, P. M. (2013). The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees attitudes and behaviors.Journal of Management,39(2), 366-391. Klassen, R. D., Vereecke, A. (2012). Social issues in supply chains: Capabilities link responsibility, risk (opportunity), and performance.International Journal of Production Economics,140(1), 103-115. Purce, J. (2014). The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management.New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals),67. Renwick, D. W., Redman, T., Maguire, S. (2013). Green human resource management: a review and research agenda*.International Journal of Management Reviews,15(1), 1-14. Scherer, A. G., Palazzo, G., Seidl, D. (2013). Managing legitimacy in complex and heterogeneous environments: Sustainable development in a globalized world.Journal of Management Studies,50(2), 259-284. Storey, J. (2014).New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals). Routledge.